// Quantum1DCrystal.java (C) 2002 by Paul Falstad, www.falstad.com import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; import java.util.Vector; import java.util.Random; import java.lang.Math; import java.awt.event.*; import java.text.DecimalFormat; import java.text.NumberFormat; import org.netlib.util.*; import org.netlib.lapack.Dsyevd; class Quantum1DCrystalCanvas extends Canvas { Quantum1DCrystalFrame pg; Quantum1DCrystalCanvas(Quantum1DCrystalFrame p) { pg = p; } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(300,400); } public void update(Graphics g) { pg.updateQuantum1DCrystal(g); } public void paint(Graphics g) { pg.updateQuantum1DCrystal(g); } }; class Quantum1DCrystalLayout implements LayoutManager { public Quantum1DCrystalLayout() {} public void addLayoutComponent(String name, Component c) {} public void removeLayoutComponent(Component c) {} public Dimension preferredLayoutSize(Container target) { return new Dimension(500, 500); } public Dimension minimumLayoutSize(Container target) { return new Dimension(100,100); } public void layoutContainer(Container target) { int barwidth = 0; int i; for (i = 1; i < target.getComponentCount(); i++) { Component m = target.getComponent(i); if (m.isVisible()) { Dimension d = m.getPreferredSize(); if (d.width > barwidth) barwidth = d.width; } } Insets insets = target.insets(); int targetw = target.size().width - insets.left - insets.right; int cw = targetw-barwidth; int targeth = target.size().height - (insets.top+insets.bottom); target.getComponent(0).move(insets.left, insets.top); target.getComponent(0).resize(cw, targeth); cw += insets.left; int h = insets.top; for (i = 1; i < target.getComponentCount(); i++) { Component m = target.getComponent(i); if (m.isVisible()) { Dimension d = m.getPreferredSize(); if (m instanceof Scrollbar || m instanceof DecentScrollbar) d.width = barwidth; if (m instanceof Choice && d.width > barwidth) d.width = barwidth; if (m instanceof Label) { h += d.height/5; d.width = barwidth; } m.move(cw, h); m.resize(d.width, d.height); h += d.height; } } } }; public class Quantum1DCrystal extends Applet implements ComponentListener { Quantum1DCrystalFrame qf; void destroyFrame() { if (qf != null) qf.dispose(); qf = null; repaint(); } boolean started = false; public void init() { addComponentListener(this); } void showFrame() { if (qf == null) { started = true; qf = new Quantum1DCrystalFrame(this); qf.init(); repaint(); } } public void paint(Graphics g) { String s = "Applet is open in a separate window."; if (!started) s = "Applet is starting."; else if (qf == null) s = "Applet is finished."; else qf.show(); g.drawString(s, 10, 30); } public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e){} public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e){} public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) { showFrame(); } public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e) {} public void destroy() { if (qf != null) qf.dispose(); qf = null; repaint(); } }; class Quantum1DCrystalFrame extends Frame implements ComponentListener, ActionListener, MouseMotionListener, MouseListener, ItemListener, DecentScrollbarListener { Thread engine = null; Dimension winSize; Image dbimage; Random random; int stateCount; int elevelCount; int maxStateCount = 500; int sampleCount = 320; int cellSampleCount = 32; int potSampleCount = 128; int pSampleCount; double modes[][]; double modesLeft[][]; double dispersion[][]; double expecte; double selectedK; double potTrans[]; double blochTrans[]; int selectedBand; public static final double epsilon = .00001; public static final double epsilon2 = .003; public static final double phasorBaseEnergy = 1; public String getAppletInfo() { return "Quantum1DCrystal by Paul Falstad"; } Button groundButton; Checkbox stoppedCheck; CheckboxMenuItem eCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem xCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem pCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem blochCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem dispersionCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem expectCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem probCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem probPhaseCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem reImCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem magPhaseCheckItem; CheckboxMenuItem extendedZonesItem; CheckboxMenuItem reducedZonesItem; CheckboxMenuItem repeatedZonesItem; Menu waveFunctionMenu; Menu zoneMenu; MenuItem exitItem; Choice mouseChooser; Choice setupChooser; Vector setupList; Setup setup; DecentScrollbar forceBar, speedBar, wellCountBar, energyScaleBar; DecentScrollbar massBar, aux1Bar, aux2Bar, aux3Bar, aux4Bar; Label aux1Label, aux2Label, aux3Label, aux4Label; View viewPotential, viewX, viewP, viewDispersion, viewBloch; View viewList[]; int viewCount; double elevels[]; double dispmax[]; static final double pi = 3.14159265358979323846; double step; double func[]; double funci[]; double blochr[]; double blochi[]; double pdata[], pdatar[], pdatai[]; double pot[]; double mass; double escale; int selectedCoef; int selectedPaneHandle; int kUpdateState, kUpdateSkip; static final int stateBuffer = 5; static final int SEL_NONE = 0; static final int SEL_POTENTIAL = 1; static final int SEL_X = 2; static final int SEL_P = 3; static final int SEL_STATES = 4; static final int SEL_HANDLE = 5; static final int SEL_DISPERSION = 6; static final int MOUSE_EIGEN = 0; static final int MOUSE_EDIT = 1; int selection; int dragX, dragY; int xpoints[], ypoints[]; boolean dragging; boolean startup, selectGround; boolean levelsChanged, stateChanged; boolean setupModified; double t; int pause; static final int phaseColorCount = 480; Color phaseColors[]; FFT fft; int getrand(int x) { int q = random.nextInt(); if (q < 0) q = -q; return q % x; } Quantum1DCrystalCanvas cv; Quantum1DCrystal applet; NumberFormat showFormat; Quantum1DCrystalFrame(Quantum1DCrystal a) { super("1-d Quantum Crystal Applet v1.0b"); applet = a; } public void init() { startup = true; xpoints = new int[5]; ypoints = new int[5]; setupList = new Vector(); Setup s = new FiniteWellSetup(); while (s != null) { setupList.addElement(s); s = s.createNext(); } selectedCoef = -1; setLayout(new Quantum1DCrystalLayout()); cv = new Quantum1DCrystalCanvas(this); cv.addComponentListener(this); cv.addMouseMotionListener(this); cv.addMouseListener(this); add(cv); MenuBar mb = new MenuBar(); Menu m = new Menu("File"); mb.add(m); m.add(exitItem = getMenuItem("Exit")); m = new Menu("View"); mb.add(m); m.add(eCheckItem = getCheckItem("Energy")); eCheckItem.setState(true); m.add(xCheckItem = getCheckItem("Position")); xCheckItem.setState(true); m.add(pCheckItem = getCheckItem("Momentum")); m.add(blochCheckItem = getCheckItem("Bloch Function")); /*m.add(densityCheckItem = getCheckItem("Density of Levels")); densityCheckItem.setState(true);*/ m.add(dispersionCheckItem = getCheckItem("Dispersion")); dispersionCheckItem.setState(true); m.addSeparator(); /*m.add(expectCheckItem = getCheckItem("Expectation Values")); expectCheckItem.setState(true);*/ Menu m2 = waveFunctionMenu = new Menu("Wave Function"); m.add(m2); m2.add(probCheckItem = getCheckItem("Probability")); m2.add(probPhaseCheckItem = getCheckItem("Probability + Phase")); probPhaseCheckItem.setState(true); m2.add(reImCheckItem = getCheckItem("Real + Imaginary Parts")); m2.add(magPhaseCheckItem = getCheckItem("Magnitude + Phase")); m = zoneMenu = new Menu("Zones"); mb.add(m); m.add(extendedZonesItem = getCheckItem("Extended Zone Scheme")); m.add(reducedZonesItem = getCheckItem("Reduced Zone Scheme")); reducedZonesItem.setState(true); m.add(repeatedZonesItem = getCheckItem("Repeated Zone Scheme")); setMenuBar(mb); setupChooser = new Choice(); int i; for (i = 0; i != setupList.size(); i++) setupChooser.add("Setup: " + ((Setup) setupList.elementAt(i)).getName()); setup = (Setup) setupList.elementAt(0); setupChooser.addItemListener(this); add(setupChooser); mouseChooser = new Choice(); mouseChooser.add("Mouse = Set Eigenstate"); mouseChooser.add("Mouse = Edit Function"); mouseChooser.addItemListener(this); add(mouseChooser); mouseChooser.select(MOUSE_EIGEN); add(groundButton = new Button("Ground State")); groundButton.addActionListener(this); stoppedCheck = new Checkbox("Stopped"); stoppedCheck.addItemListener(this); add(stoppedCheck); add(new Label("Simulation Speed", Label.CENTER)); add(speedBar = new DecentScrollbar(this, 50, 1, 150)); add(new Label("Particle Mass", Label.CENTER)); add(massBar = new DecentScrollbar(this, 100, 10, 500)); add(new Label("# of Wells Shown", Label.CENTER)); add(wellCountBar = new DecentScrollbar(this, 5, 1, 50)); add(new Label("Energy Scale", Label.CENTER)); add(energyScaleBar = new DecentScrollbar(this, 100, 1, 100)); add(aux1Label = new Label("Aux 1", Label.CENTER)); add(aux1Bar = new DecentScrollbar(this, 50, 1, 100)); add(aux2Label = new Label("Aux 2", Label.CENTER)); add(aux2Bar = new DecentScrollbar(this, 50, 1, 100)); add(aux3Label = new Label("Aux 3", Label.CENTER)); add(aux3Bar = new DecentScrollbar(this, 50, 1, 100)); add(aux4Label = new Label("Aux 4", Label.CENTER)); add(aux4Bar = new DecentScrollbar(this, 50, 1, 100)); try { String param = applet.getParameter("PAUSE"); if (param != null) pause = Integer.parseInt(param); } catch (Exception e) { } dispmax = new double[maxStateCount]; setResolution(); phaseColors = new Color[phaseColorCount+1]; for (i = 0; i != phaseColorCount; i++) { int pm = phaseColorCount/6; int a1 = i % pm; int a2 = a1*255/pm; int a3 = 255-a2; Color c = null; switch (i/pm) { case 0: c = new Color(255, a2, 0); break; case 1: c = new Color(a3, 255, 0); break; case 2: c = new Color(0, 255, a2); break; case 3: c = new Color(0, a3, 255); break; case 4: c = new Color(a2, 0, 255); break; case 5: c = new Color(255, 0, a3); break; } phaseColors[i] = c; } phaseColors[phaseColorCount] = phaseColors[0]; random = new Random(); reinit(); cv.setBackground(Color.black); cv.setForeground(Color.lightGray); showFormat = DecimalFormat.getInstance(); showFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(2); resize(750, 600); handleResize(); Dimension x = getSize(); Dimension screen = getToolkit().getScreenSize(); setLocation((screen.width - x.width)/2, (screen.height - x.height)/2); show(); } MenuItem getMenuItem(String s) { MenuItem mi = new MenuItem(s); mi.addActionListener(this); return mi; } CheckboxMenuItem getCheckItem(String s) { CheckboxMenuItem mi = new CheckboxMenuItem(s); mi.addItemListener(this); return mi; } void reinit() { doSetup(); } void handleResize() { Dimension d = winSize = cv.getSize(); if (winSize.width == 0) return; int tpad = 20; int potsize = (viewPotential == null) ? 0 : viewPotential.height+tpad; int dispsize = (viewDispersion == null) ? 0 : viewDispersion.height+tpad; viewX = viewP = viewDispersion = viewPotential = viewBloch = null; viewList = new View[20]; int i = 0; if (eCheckItem.getState()) viewList[i++] = viewPotential = new View(); if (xCheckItem.getState()) viewList[i++] = viewX = new View(); if (blochCheckItem.getState()) viewList[i++] = viewBloch = new View(); if (pCheckItem.getState()) viewList[i++] = viewP = new View(); if (dispersionCheckItem.getState()) viewList[i++] = viewDispersion = new View(); viewCount = i; int sizenum = viewCount; int toth = winSize.height; // preserve size of potential and state panes if possible if (potsize > 0 && viewPotential != null) { sizenum--; toth -= potsize; } if (dispsize > 0 && viewDispersion != null) { sizenum--; toth -= dispsize; } int cury = 0; for (i = 0; i != viewCount; i++) { View v = viewList[i]; int h = toth/sizenum; if (v == viewPotential && potsize > 0) h = potsize; else if (v == viewDispersion && dispsize > 0) h = dispsize; v.x = 0; v.width = winSize.width; v.y = cury+tpad; v.height = h-tpad; v.handle = cury; cury += h; } setGraphLines(); dbimage = createImage(d.width, d.height); } void setGraphLines() { int i; for (i = 0; i != viewCount; i++) { View v = viewList[i]; v.mid_y = v.y + v.height/2; v.ymult = .90*v.height/2; v.lower_y = (int) (v.mid_y+v.ymult); v.ymult2 = v.ymult*2; } } void doGround() { select(0, 0); } void doBlank() { t = 0; // workaround bug in IE if (winSize != null && winSize.width > 0) dbimage = createImage(winSize.width, winSize.height); } void centerString(Graphics g, String s, int y) { FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics(); g.drawString(s, (winSize.width-fm.stringWidth(s))/2, y); } public void paint(Graphics g) { cv.repaint(); } long lastTime; public void updateQuantum1DCrystal(Graphics realg) { Graphics g = dbimage.getGraphics(); if (winSize == null || winSize.width == 0) return; boolean allQuiet = true; double tadd = 0; if (!stoppedCheck.getState() && !dragging) { int val = speedBar.getValue(); tadd = Math.exp(val/20.)*(.1/5); long sysTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); if (lastTime == 0) lastTime = sysTime; tadd *= (sysTime-lastTime)*(1/17.); lastTime = sysTime; allQuiet = false; } else lastTime = 0; Color gray1 = new Color(76, 76, 76); Color gray2 = new Color(127, 127, 127); g.setColor(cv.getBackground()); g.fillRect(0, 0, winSize.width, winSize.height); g.setColor(cv.getForeground()); int i; int ox = -1, oy = -1; for (i = 1; i != viewCount; i++) { g.setColor(i == selectedPaneHandle ? Color.yellow : Color.gray); g.drawLine(0, viewList[i].handle, winSize.width, viewList[i].handle); } if (levelsChanged || stateChanged) { cv.setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(WAIT_CURSOR)); if (levelsChanged) genStates(); else getBands(true, selectedK, selectedBand); cv.setCursor(null); levelsChanged = stateChanged = false; } else { long tm = System.currentTimeMillis(); // spend 50ms updating K while (updateK() && System.currentTimeMillis() < tm+50) ; } ox = -1; int j; if (viewPotential != null) { int mid_y = viewPotential.mid_y; double ymult = viewPotential.ymult; g.setColor(Color.gray); for (i = 0; i < elevelCount; i += 2) { g.setColor(Color.darkGray); double dy2 = elevels[i]; double dy1 = elevels[i+1]; int y1 = getEnergyY(dy1, viewPotential); int y2 = getEnergyY(dy2, viewPotential); y2 -= y1; if (y2 <= 0) y2 = 1; g.fillRect(0, y1, winSize.width, y2); } g.setColor(Color.white); int wc = wellCountBar.getValue(); double step = winSize.width/((double) potSampleCount*wc); for (i = 0; i != potSampleCount*wc; i++) { int x = (int) (step*i); double dy = pot[i & (potSampleCount-1)]; int y = getEnergyY(dy, viewPotential); if (ox != -1) g.drawLine(ox, oy, x, y); ox = x; oy = y; } int y = getEnergyY(expecte, viewPotential); g.setColor(Color.red); g.drawLine(0, y, winSize.width, y); /* g.setColor(Color.black); g.fillRect(0, 0, winSize.width, 20); viewPotential.drawLabel(g, "Potential");*/ } ox = -1; g.setColor(Color.white); double maxf = 0; for (i = 0; i != sampleCount; i++) { int x = winSize.width * i / sampleCount; double dr = func[i], di = funci[i]; double dy = dr*dr+di*di; if (dy > maxf) maxf = dy; } // evolve wave function double speed = (expecte+1)*tadd; double efr = Math.cos(speed); double efi = -Math.sin(speed); for (i = 0; i != sampleCount; i++) { double fr = func [i]; double fi = funci[i]; func [i] = fr*efr - fi*efi; funci[i] = fr*efi + fi*efr; fr = blochr[i]; fi = blochi[i]; blochr[i] = fr*efr - fi*efi; blochi[i] = fr*efi + fi*efr; } if (viewX != null) { viewX.drawLabel(g, "Wave Function (Position)"); // draw X representation int mid_y = viewX.mid_y; double ymult = viewX.ymult; drawFunction(g, viewX, func, funci, sampleCount, 0); if (selectedCoef != -1 && !dragging) { g.setColor(Color.yellow); ox = -1; for (i = 0; i != sampleCount; i++) { int x = winSize.width * i / sampleCount; double dy = modes[selectedCoef][i]/dispmax[selectedCoef]; int y = mid_y - (int) (ymult * dy); if (ox != -1) g.drawLine(ox, oy, x, y); ox = x; oy = y; } } } if (viewP != null) { viewP.drawLabel(g, "Momentum"); // draw P representation g.setColor(gray2); g.drawLine(winSize.width/2, viewP.mid_y-(int) viewP.ymult, winSize.width/2, viewP.mid_y+(int) viewP.ymult); for (i = 0; i != pdatar.length; i++) pdatar[i] = pdatai[i] = 0; int btlen = blochTrans.length/4; int btmask = blochTrans.length-1; // I must have missed a sign somewhere; fix it so that waves // are going in right direction int fudge = ((selectedBand & 1) == 1) ? 1 : -1; int kstep = 8; kstep *= -fudge; int pc = pdatar.length/2 + (int) (selectedK*kstep); btlen = 16; for (i = 0; i != btlen; i++) { pdatar[pc+kstep*i] = blochTrans[i*2]; pdatar[pc-kstep*i] = blochTrans[btmask&(-i*2)]; pdatai[pc+kstep*i] = blochTrans[i*2+1]; pdatai[pc-kstep*i] = blochTrans[btmask&(-i*2+1)]; } for (i = pdatar.length-1; i > 0; i--) { if (pdatar[i] == 0 && pdatai[i] == 0) { pdatar[i] = pdatar[i-1]*1e-16; pdatai[i] = pdatai[i-1]*1e-16; } } int offset = pSampleCount/4; drawFunction(g, viewP, pdatar, pdatai, pSampleCount/2, offset); } if (viewDispersion != null) { viewDispersion.drawLabel(g, "Dispersion (E vs. k)"); g.setColor(Color.gray); int mid_y = viewDispersion.mid_y; double ymult = viewDispersion.ymult; double e0 = elevels[0]+1; int top = viewDispersion.y+5; for (i = 0; i < elevelCount; i += 2) { g.setColor(Color.darkGray); double dy2 = elevels[i]-e0; double dy1 = elevels[i+1]-e0; int y1 = getEnergyY(dy1, viewDispersion); int y2 = getEnergyY(dy2, viewDispersion); if (y2 < top) continue; if (y1 < top) y1 = top; y2 -= y1; if (y2 <= 0) y2 = 1; g.fillRect(0, y1, winSize.width, y2); } g.setColor(Color.white); if (repeatedZonesItem.getState()) { viewDispersion.cellw2 = viewDispersion.width/10; int cells = (viewDispersion.width/2)/viewDispersion.cellw2 + 1; for (i = 0; i != dispersion.length; i++) for (j = -cells; j <= cells; j++) drawDispersion(g, i, j, true, true); } if (reducedZonesItem.getState()) { viewDispersion.cellw2 = viewDispersion.width/3; for (i = 0; i != dispersion.length; i++) drawDispersion(g, i, 0, true, true); } if (extendedZonesItem.getState()) { viewDispersion.cellw2 = viewDispersion.width/10; boolean xp = true; for (i = 0; i != dispersion.length; i++) { drawDispersion(g, i, (i+1)/2, xp, !xp); drawDispersion(g, i, -(i+1)/2, !xp, xp); xp = !xp; } } int y = getEnergyY(expecte-e0, viewDispersion); g.setColor(Color.red); if (y >= viewDispersion.y) { g.drawLine(0, y, winSize.width, y); } int x = (int) (viewDispersion.cellw2*selectedK*2+ viewDispersion.width/2); if (!extendedZonesItem.getState()) g.drawLine(x, top, x, viewDispersion.y+viewDispersion.height); } if (viewBloch != null) { viewBloch.drawLabel(g, "Bloch Function"); drawFunction(g, viewBloch, blochr, blochi, blochr.length, 0); } realg.drawImage(dbimage, 0, 0, this); if (!stoppedCheck.getState()) cv.repaint(pause); } int getEnergyY(double e, View v) { escale = energyScaleBar.getValue()/100.; e = (e+1)*escale-1; return v.mid_y - (int) (v.ymult*e); } void drawDispersion(Graphics g, int level, int off, boolean pos, boolean neg) { int ox = -1; int oy = -1; int j; double e0 = elevels[0]+1; int cellw2 = viewDispersion.cellw2; int cellw = cellw2*2; int top = viewDispersion.y+5; for (j = 0; j != dispersion[0].length; j++) { int cx = off*cellw + viewDispersion.width/2; int x = j*cellw2/(dispersion[0].length-1); int y = getEnergyY(dispersion[level][j]-e0, viewDispersion); if (ox != -1 && y > top && oy > top) { if (pos) g.drawLine(cx+ox, oy, cx+x, y); if (neg) g.drawLine(cx-ox, oy, cx-x, y); } ox = x; oy = y; } } String getUnitText(double v, String u) { double va = Math.abs(v); if (va < 1e-17) return "0 " + u; if (va < 1e-12) return showFormat.format(v*1e15) + " f" + u; if (va < 1e-9) return showFormat.format(v*1e12) + " p" + u; if (va < 1e-6) return showFormat.format(v*1e9) + " n" + u; if (va < 1e-3) return showFormat.format(v*1e6) + " u" + u; if (va < 1) return showFormat.format(v*1e3) + " m" + u; if (va < 1e3) return showFormat.format(v) + " " + u; if (va < 1e6) return showFormat.format(v*1e-3) + " k" + u; if (va < 1e9) return showFormat.format(v*1e-6) + " M" + u; if (va < 1e12) return showFormat.format(v*1e-9) + " G" + u; if (va < 1e15) return showFormat.format(v*1e-12) + " T" + u; return v + " " + u; } String getEnergyText(double e, boolean abs) { return getUnitText(convertEnergy(e, abs), "eV"); } String getLengthText(double x) { // getEnergyText() assumes a 4 nm screen width return getUnitText(pointsToLength(x), "m"); } double pointsToLength(double x) { // getEnergyText() assumes a 4 nm screen width return 4e-9*x/(sampleCount-2.); } double convertEnergy(double e, boolean abs) { // ground state energy for an electron in a 4 nm infinite well (in eV) // (for 1 Angstrom, it's 37.603) double base = .023502; // the calculated ground state energy for a particle of default mass in a // well the full width of the window is 0.001891. So, if we assume the // window is 1 angstrom wide, then we multiply the elevels by base/.001891 to // get eV. if (abs) e += setup.getBaseEnergy(); return e*base/.0018801; } int stateColSize, stateSize; void drawFunction(Graphics g, View view, double fr[], double fi[], int count, int offset) { int i; double expectx = 0; double expectx2 = 0; double maxsq = 0; double tot = 0; int zero = winSize.width/2; for (i = 0; i != count; i++) { int x = winSize.width * i / (count-1); int ii = i+offset; double dr = fr[ii]; double di = (fi == null) ? 0 : fi[ii]; double dy = dr*dr+di*di; if (dy > maxsq) maxsq = dy; int dev = x-zero; expectx += dy*dev; expectx2 += dy*dev*dev; tot += dy; } expectx /= tot; expectx2 /= tot; double maxnm = Math.sqrt(maxsq); double uncert = Math.sqrt(expectx2-expectx*expectx); int ox = -1, oy = 0; double bestscale = 0; if (fi != null && (probCheckItem.getState() || probPhaseCheckItem.getState())) bestscale = 1/maxsq; else bestscale = 1/maxnm; view.scale = bestscale; /* if (!adjustingWaveFunc) { // adjust scale view.scale *= 1.001; if (view.scale > bestscale || view.scale == 0) view.scale = bestscale; if (view.scale > 1e8) view.scale = 1e8; } */ g.setColor(Color.gray); /* double scaler = 1e-10; while (scaler*view.scale*view.ymult*600 < view.height) scaler *= 10; System.out.print(scaler + "\n"); for (i = 0; i != 20; i++) { int y = (int) (view.ymult * i * view.scale * scaler * 10); System.out.print(i + " " + y + "\n"); if (y > view.height/2) break; g.drawLine(winSize.width-5, view.mid_y - y, winSize.width, view.mid_y - y); } */ if ((probCheckItem.getState() || probPhaseCheckItem.getState() || magPhaseCheckItem.getState()) && fi != null) { // draw probability or magnitude g.setColor(Color.white); double mult = view.ymult2*view.scale; for (i = 0; i != count; i++) { int x = winSize.width * i / (count-1); double dy = 0; int ii = i+offset; if (!magPhaseCheckItem.getState()) dy = (fr[ii]*fr[ii]+fi[ii]*fi[ii]); else dy = Math.sqrt(fr[ii]*fr[ii]+fi[ii]*fi[ii]); if (!probCheckItem.getState()) { double ang = Math.atan2(fi[ii], fr[ii]); g.setColor(phaseColors[(int)((ang+pi)*phaseColorCount/(2*pi+.2))]); } int y = view.lower_y - (int) (mult * dy); if (y < view.y) y = view.y; if (ox != -1) { xpoints[0] = ox; ypoints[0] = view.lower_y+1; xpoints[1] = ox; ypoints[1] = oy; xpoints[2] = x; ypoints[2] = y; xpoints[3] = x; ypoints[3] = view.lower_y+1; g.fillPolygon(xpoints, ypoints, 4); } ox = x; oy = y; } } else { g.setColor(Color.darkGray); int mid_y = view.mid_y; g.drawLine(0, mid_y, winSize.width, mid_y); double mult = view.ymult*view.scale; if (fi != null) { g.setColor(Color.blue); for (i = 0; i != count; i++) { int x = winSize.width * i / (count-1); int ii = i+offset; int y = mid_y - (int) (mult * fi[ii]); if (ox != -1) g.drawLine(ox, oy, x, y); ox = x; oy = y; } } g.setColor(Color.white); ox = -1; for (i = 0; i != count; i++) { int x = winSize.width * i / (count-1); int ii = i+offset; int y = mid_y - (int) (mult * fr[ii]); if (ox != -1) g.drawLine(ox, oy, x, y); ox = x; oy = y; } } if (maxsq > 0 && fi != null) { expectx += zero; /*if (uncertaintyCheckItem.getState()) { g.setColor(Color.blue); g.drawLine((int) (expectx-uncert), view.y, (int) (expectx-uncert), view.y+view.height); g.drawLine((int) (expectx+uncert), view.y, (int) (expectx+uncert), view.y+view.height); }*/ /*if (expectCheckItem.getState()) { g.setColor(Color.red); g.drawLine((int) expectx, view.y, (int) expectx, view.y+view.height); }*/ } } void edit(MouseEvent e) { if (selection == SEL_NONE) return; int x = e.getX(); int y = e.getY(); switch (selection) { case SEL_HANDLE: editHandle(y); break; case SEL_DISPERSION : editDispersion(x, y); break; default: editFunc(x, y); break; } } void editHandle(int y) { int dy = y-viewList[selectedPaneHandle].handle; View upper = viewList[selectedPaneHandle-1]; View lower = viewList[selectedPaneHandle]; int minheight = 10; if (upper.height+dy < minheight || lower.height-dy < minheight) return; upper.height += dy; lower.height -= dy; lower.y += dy; lower.handle += dy; setGraphLines(); cv.repaint(pause); } void editFunc(int x, int y) { if (mouseChooser.getSelectedIndex() == MOUSE_EIGEN) { if (selection == SEL_POTENTIAL) selectStateByEnergy(y); return; } if (dragX == x) { editFuncPoint(x, y); dragY = y; } else { // need to draw a line from old x,y to new x,y and // call editFuncPoint for each point on that line. yuck. int x1 = (x < dragX) ? x : dragX; int y1 = (x < dragX) ? y : dragY; int x2 = (x > dragX) ? x : dragX; int y2 = (x > dragX) ? y : dragY; dragX = x; dragY = y; for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++) { y = y1+(y2-y1)*(x-x1)/(x2-x1); editFuncPoint(x, y); } } } void editFuncPoint(int x, int y) { if (selection != SEL_POTENTIAL) return; View v = (selection == SEL_X) ? viewX : viewPotential; int wc = wellCountBar.getValue(); int fullx = potSampleCount*wc; int lox = x * fullx / winSize.width; int hix = ((x+1) * fullx-1) / winSize.width; double val = (v.mid_y - y) / v.ymult; double val2 = (v.lower_y - y) / v.ymult2; if (val > 1) val = 1; if (val < -1) val = -1; if (val2 > 1) val2 = 1; if (val2 < 0) val2 = 0; val = (val +1)/escale-1; val2 = (val2+1)/escale-1; if (val > 1) val = 1; if (val2 > 1) val2 = 1; if (lox < 1) lox = 1; if (hix >= sampleCount-1) hix = sampleCount-2; for (; lox <= hix; lox++) { pot[lox % potSampleCount] = val; setupModified = true; getPotTrans(); levelsChanged = true; } cv.repaint(pause); } void editDispersion(int x, int y) { x -= viewDispersion.width/2; double k = x*.5/viewDispersion.cellw2; if (extendedZonesItem.getState()) { int band = 0; while (k > .5) { k -= .5; band++; } while (k < -.5) { k += .5; band++; } if ((band & 1) != 0) k = (k >= 0) ? .5-k : -.5-k; select(k, band); return; } if (repeatedZonesItem.getState()) { while (k > .5) k -= 1; while (k < -.5) k += 1; } if (k > .5) k = .5; if (k < -.5) k = -.5; int i; int besty = 1000; int band = 0; double e0 = elevels[0]+1; for (i = 0; i != dispersion.length; i++) { int ya = getEnergyY(elevels[i*2 ]-e0, viewDispersion); int yb = getEnergyY(elevels[i*2+1]-e0, viewDispersion); if (y < ya && y > yb) { besty = -1; band = i; break; } int yd = Math.abs(y-ya); if (yd < besty) { besty = yd; band = i; } yd = Math.abs(y-yb); if (yd < besty) { besty = yd; band = i; } } select(k, band); } void select(double k, int band) { selectedK = k; selectedBand = band; stateChanged = true; cv.repaint(pause); } void getPotTrans() { potTrans = new double[potSampleCount*2]; int i; for (i = 0; i != potSampleCount; i++) potTrans[i*2] = pot[i]; FFT fft = new FFT(potSampleCount); fft.transform(potTrans, false); } double getPState(int x) { double p = (x * pSampleCount/2 / winSize.width) - pSampleCount/4; return p*pi/(pSampleCount/2); } public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e){} public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e){} public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) { cv.repaint(pause); } public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e) { handleResize(); cv.repaint(pause); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { if (e.getSource() == exitItem) { applet.destroyFrame(); return; } cv.repaint(); if (e.getSource() == groundButton) doGround(); } public void scrollbarValueChanged(DecentScrollbar ds) { System.out.print(ds.getValue() + "\n"); if (ds == massBar) levelsChanged = true; if (ds == aux1Bar || ds == aux2Bar || ds == aux3Bar || ds == aux4Bar) { setup.drawPotential(); getPotTrans(); levelsChanged = true; } if (ds == wellCountBar) { setResolution(); setup.drawPotential(); stateChanged = true; } cv.repaint(pause); } public void scrollbarFinished(DecentScrollbar ds) { /* if (ds == massBar || ds == aux1Bar || ds == aux2Bar || ds == aux3Bar || ds == aux4Bar) { adjustingStates = false; statesChanged = true; cv.repaint(pause); } */ } public boolean handleEvent(Event ev) { if (ev.id == Event.WINDOW_DESTROY) { applet.destroyFrame(); return true; } return super.handleEvent(ev); } void setResolution() { int wc = wellCountBar.getValue(); cellSampleCount = 8; while (cellSampleCount < 700/wc) cellSampleCount *= 2; sampleCount = cellSampleCount * wc; //sampleCount++; func = new double[sampleCount]; funci = new double[sampleCount]; blochr = new double[sampleCount]; blochi = new double[sampleCount]; pot = new double[potSampleCount]; stateChanged = true; pSampleCount = 512; pdatar = new double[pSampleCount]; pdatai = new double[pSampleCount]; fft = new FFT(pSampleCount); } void genStates() { levelsChanged = false; if (potTrans == null) getPotTrans(); double lev1[] = getBands(false, 0, 0); double lev2[] = getBands(false, .5, 0); elevelCount = lev1.length*2; elevels = new double[elevelCount]; stateCount = elevelCount; // copy levels, and make sure they are in proper order // (swapp every other pair) int i; for (i = 0; i != lev1.length; i++) { int a = (i & 1); elevels[i*2+a] = lev1[i]; elevels[i*2+1-a] = lev2[i]; } // start to calculate the dispersion graph; first get the // endpoints, k = 0 and k = .5 int dispx = 65; int ll = lev1.length; dispersion = new double[ll][dispx]; for (i = 0; i != ll; i++) { dispersion[i][0] = lev1[i]; dispersion[i][dispx-1] = lev2[i]; // linearly interpolate the middle values for now int j; for (j = 1; j < dispx-1; j++) { double q = j/(dispx-1.); dispersion[i][j] = lev1[i]*(1-q) + lev2[i]*q; } } // fill in the rest of the dispersion graph later kUpdateState = dispx/2; kUpdateSkip = kUpdateState*2; getBands(true, selectedK, selectedBand); } boolean updateK() { // are we done? if (kUpdateSkip <= 1) return false; // update one k value in the dispersion graph. at the start, // have the endpoints k = 0 and .5, and then we do .25, and then // .125 and .375, etc. until it's all done. int dispx = dispersion[0].length; double k = kUpdateState/(2.*(dispx-1)); double lev3[] = getBands(false, k, 0); int j; for (j = 0; j != lev3.length; j++) { dispersion[j][kUpdateState] = lev3[j]; int hskip = kUpdateSkip/2; int m; // interpolate linearly between the neighbor points that are done for (m = 1; m < hskip; m++) { double q = m/(double) hskip; dispersion[j][kUpdateState-m] = (1-q)*dispersion[j][kUpdateState] + q*dispersion[j][kUpdateState-hskip]; dispersion[j][kUpdateState+m] = (1-q)*dispersion[j][kUpdateState] + q*dispersion[j][kUpdateState+hskip]; } } // skip to the next point kUpdateState += kUpdateSkip; if (kUpdateState >= dispx) { // use a finer grid kUpdateSkip /= 2; if (kUpdateSkip == 1) return false; kUpdateState = kUpdateSkip/2; } return true; } int getFourierIndex(int i, int n) { return (i > n/2) ? n/2-i : i; } double [] getBands(boolean getStates, double k, int band) { //System.out.println("genstates " + k); int n = 48; int n2 = n*2; double h[] = new double[n2*n2]; int i, j; mass = massBar.getValue()*.0002; double m1 = 1./mass; mass *= .511e6 / .32; // calculate matrix element of H. We convert the complex H to a // real H matrix. To set H(i,j) to a+bi, we set H(i,j)=H(i+n,j+n)=a, // H(i+n,j)=-b, H(i,j+n)=b. The basis functions for the H matrix are // the momentum eigenfunctions, e^ikx. We also have a V matrix // (potTrans) calculated by the calling routine using the FFT. for (i = 0; i != n; i++) { int ii = getFourierIndex(i, n); double iik = ii+k; h[i+n+n2*(i+n)] = h[i+n2*i] = m1*iik*iik*.01; for (j = 0; j != n; j++) { int jj = getFourierIndex(j, n); int ij = jj-ii; if (ij < 0) ij += potTrans.length/2; double re = potTrans[ij*2]/potSampleCount; double im = potTrans[ij*2+1]/potSampleCount; h[i+n2*j] += re; h[i+n+n2*(j+n)] += re; h[i+n+j*n2] -= im; h[i+n2*(j+n)] += im; } } double work[] = new double[1+5*n2+5*n2*n2]; int iwork[] = new int[3+5*n2]; intW info = new intW(0); double w[] = new double[n2]; // use LAPACK to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors Dsyevd.dsyevd(getStates ? "V" : "N", "U", n2, h, 0, n2, w, 0, work, 0, work.length, iwork, 0, iwork.length, info); //System.out.println(info.val); double levels[] = new double[n2]; // now get the eigenvalues and sort them for (i = 0; i != n2; i++) levels[i] = w[i]; int si, sj; // sort the elevels for (si = 1; si < n2; si++) { double v = levels[si]; sj = si; while (levels[sj-1] > v) { levels[sj] = levels[sj-1]; sj--; if (sj <= 0) break; } levels[sj] = v; } // get the levels double levels2[] = new double[20]; for (i = 0; i != 20; i++) levels2[i] = levels[i*2]; if (!getStates) return levels2; // get an eigenstate by stepping through all them. int picker = 0; for (i = 0; i != stateCount; i++) { for (j = 0; j != n; j++) if (levels[i] == w[j]) break; if (j == n) { System.out.print("can't find elevels! " + i + " " + levels[i] + "\n"); continue; } w[j] = -1; // is this the eigenstate we want? if (picker++ < band*2) continue; // do an inverse FFT to calculate the state double q[] = new double[cellSampleCount*2]; int off = n2*j; blochTrans = new double[cellSampleCount*2]; int norm = (h[off+1] < 0) ? -1 : 1; for (j = 0; j != n; j++) { int qo = getFourierIndex(j, n); if (Math.abs(qo) >= cellSampleCount/2) continue; if (qo < 0) qo += q.length/2; blochTrans[qo*2] = q[qo*2 ] = norm*h[j+off]; blochTrans[qo*2+1] = q[qo*2+1] = norm*h[j+n+off]; } FFT fft = new FFT(cellSampleCount); fft.transform(q, true); double km = 2*pi*k/cellSampleCount; // I must have missed a sign somewhere; fix it so that waves // are going in right direction int fudge = ((band & 1) == 1) ? 1 : -1; // multiply by the bloch wave to get the required state over // multiple wells. for (j = 0; j != sampleCount; j++) { int ji = j % cellSampleCount; double re = q[ji*2]; double im = q[ji*2+1]; double kr = Math.cos(j*km); double ki = -Math.sin(j*km); func[j] = re*kr - im*ki; funci[j] = fudge*(re*ki + im*kr); blochr[j] = re; blochi[j] = fudge*im; } expecte = levels[band*2]; break; } return null; } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { dragging = true; edit(e); } public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { int x = e.getX(); int y = e.getY(); dragX = x; dragY = y; int oldCoef = selectedCoef; int oldSelection = selection; selectedCoef = -1; selectedPaneHandle = -1; selection = 0; int i; for (i = 1; i != viewCount; i++) { int dy = y-viewList[i].handle; if (dy >= -3 && dy <= 3) { selectedPaneHandle = i; selection = SEL_HANDLE; } } Cursor cs = null; if (selection == SEL_HANDLE) cs = Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(N_RESIZE_CURSOR); else if (viewX != null && viewX.contains(x, y)) selection = SEL_X; else if (viewP != null && viewP.contains(x, y)) { selection = SEL_P; cv.repaint(pause); } else if (viewPotential != null && viewPotential.contains(x, y)) { selection = SEL_POTENTIAL; } else if (viewDispersion != null && viewDispersion.contains(x, y)) { selection = SEL_DISPERSION; } cv.setCursor(cs); if (selection != oldSelection || selectedCoef != oldCoef) cv.repaint(pause); } void selectStateByEnergy(int y) { int band = 0; double besty = 1000; int i, j; double k = 0; for (i = 0; i != dispersion.length; i++) for (j = 0; j != dispersion[0].length; j++) { double ye = getEnergyY(dispersion[i][j], viewPotential); // subtract out the energy to break ties ye -= dispersion[i][j]*1e-8; double yd = Math.abs(y-ye); if (yd < besty) { besty = yd; band = i; k = j*.5/(dispersion[0].length-1); } } select(k, band); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { if (e.getClickCount() == 2 && selectedCoef != -1) enterSelectedState(); } void enterSelectedState() { } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { if (!dragging) { if (selectedCoef != -1) { selectedCoef = -1; cv.repaint(pause); } if (selectedPaneHandle != -1) { selectedPaneHandle = -1; cv.repaint(pause); } } } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { mouseMoved(e); if ((e.getModifiers() & MouseEvent.BUTTON1_MASK) == 0) return; dragging = true; edit(e); } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { if ((e.getModifiers() & MouseEvent.BUTTON1_MASK) == 0) return; /*if (mouseChooser.getSelectedIndex() == MOUSE_EDIT && selection == SEL_POTENTIAL) { adjustingStates = false; statesChanged = true; }*/ dragging = false; cv.repaint(pause); } public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) { if (e.getItemSelectable() == stoppedCheck) { cv.repaint(pause); return; } if (e.getItemSelectable() == setupChooser) doSetup(); if (e.getItemSelectable() instanceof CheckboxMenuItem) { CheckboxMenuItem cmi = (CheckboxMenuItem) e.getItemSelectable(); if (!(cmi == extendedZonesItem || cmi == reducedZonesItem || cmi == repeatedZonesItem)) handleResize(); cv.repaint(pause); } int i; doRadio(waveFunctionMenu, e); doRadio(zoneMenu, e); } void doRadio(Menu menu, ItemEvent e) { int i, j; for (i = 0; i != menu.countItems(); i++) if (e.getItemSelectable() == menu.getItem(i)) { ((CheckboxMenuItem) menu.getItem(i)).setState(true); for (j = 0; j != menu.countItems(); j++) if (i != j) ((CheckboxMenuItem) menu.getItem(j)).setState(false); } } void doSetup() { doBlank(); int i; for (i = 0; i != potSampleCount; i++) pot[i] = 0; setup = (Setup) setupList.elementAt(setupChooser.getSelectedIndex()); aux1Bar.setValue(100); aux2Bar.setValue(100); aux3Bar.setValue(100); aux4Bar.setValue(100); selectGround = true; setup.select(); setup.drawPotential(); getPotTrans(); setupModified = false; levelsChanged = true; if (setup.getAuxBarCount() >= 2) { aux2Label.show(); aux2Bar.show(); } else { aux2Label.hide(); aux2Bar.hide(); } if (setup.getAuxBarCount() >= 3) { aux3Label.show(); aux3Bar.show(); } else { aux3Label.hide(); aux3Bar.hide(); } if (setup.getAuxBarCount() >= 4) { aux4Label.show(); aux4Bar.show(); } else { aux4Label.hide(); aux4Bar.hide(); } validate(); selectedCoef = -1; } class FFT { double wtabf[]; double wtabi[]; int size; FFT(int sz) { size = sz; if ((size & (size-1)) != 0) System.out.println("size must be power of two!"); calcWTable(); } void calcWTable() { // calculate table of powers of w wtabf = new double[size]; wtabi = new double[size]; int i; for (i = 0; i != size; i += 2) { double pi = 3.1415926535; double th = pi*i/size; wtabf[i ] = Math.cos(th); wtabf[i+1] = Math.sin(th); wtabi[i ] = wtabf[i]; wtabi[i+1] = -wtabf[i+1]; } } void transform(double data[], boolean inv) { int i; int j = 0; int size2 = size*2; if ((size & (size-1)) != 0) System.out.println("size must be power of two!"); // bit-reversal double q; int bit; for (i = 0; i != size2; i += 2) { if (i > j) { q = data[i]; data[i] = data[j]; data[j] = q; q = data[i+1]; data[i+1] = data[j+1]; data[j+1] = q; } // increment j by one, from the left side (bit-reversed) bit = size; while ((bit & j) != 0) { j &= ~bit; bit >>= 1; } j |= bit; } // amount to skip through w table int tabskip = size << 1; double wtab[] = (inv) ? wtabi : wtabf; int skip1, skip2, ix, j2; double wr, wi, d1r, d1i, d2r, d2i, d2wr, d2wi; // unroll the first iteration of the main loop for (i = 0; i != size2; i += 4) { d1r = data[i]; d1i = data[i+1]; d2r = data[i+2]; d2i = data[i+3]; data[i ] = d1r+d2r; data[i+1] = d1i+d2i; data[i+2] = d1r-d2r; data[i+3] = d1i-d2i; } tabskip >>= 1; // unroll the second iteration of the main loop int imult = (inv) ? -1 : 1; for (i = 0; i != size2; i += 8) { d1r = data[i]; d1i = data[i+1]; d2r = data[i+4]; d2i = data[i+5]; data[i ] = d1r+d2r; data[i+1] = d1i+d2i; data[i+4] = d1r-d2r; data[i+5] = d1i-d2i; d1r = data[i+2]; d1i = data[i+3]; d2r = data[i+6]*imult; d2i = data[i+7]*imult; data[i+2] = d1r-d2i; data[i+3] = d1i+d2r; data[i+6] = d1r+d2i; data[i+7] = d1i-d2r; } tabskip >>= 1; for (skip1 = 16; skip1 <= size2; skip1 <<= 1) { // skip2 = length of subarrays we are combining // skip1 = length of subarray after combination skip2 = skip1 >> 1; tabskip >>= 1; for (i = 0; i != 1000; i++); // for each subarray for (i = 0; i < size2; i += skip1) { ix = 0; // for each pair of complex numbers (one in each subarray) for (j = i; j != i+skip2; j += 2, ix += tabskip) { wr = wtab[ix]; wi = wtab[ix+1]; d1r = data[j]; d1i = data[j+1]; j2 = j+skip2; d2r = data[j2]; d2i = data[j2+1]; d2wr = d2r*wr - d2i*wi; d2wi = d2r*wi + d2i*wr; data[j] = d1r+d2wr; data[j+1] = d1i+d2wi; data[j2 ] = d1r-d2wr; data[j2+1] = d1i-d2wi; } } } } } abstract class Setup { abstract String getName(); abstract void select(); abstract Setup createNext(); void fudgeLevels() { } boolean allowLeftRight() { return false; } abstract void drawPotential(); int getAuxBarCount() { return 2; } void getInfo(String s[], int offset) { } double getBaseEnergy() { return -1; } }; class FiniteWellSetup extends Setup { String getName() { return "Finite Wells"; } void select() { aux1Label.setText("Well Width"); aux1Bar.setValue(98); aux2Label.setText("Well Depth"); } int getWidth() { return (potSampleCount-1)*aux1Bar.getValue()/100; } double getTop() { return -1+(aux2Bar.getValue()-1)/49.5; } void drawPotential() { int i; int width = getWidth(); double top = getTop(); for (i = 0; i != width; i++) pot[i] = -1; for (; i < potSampleCount; i++) pot[i] = top; } /* void getInfo(String s[], int o) { s[o] = "Well width = " + getLengthText(potSampleCount-getOffset()*2); s[o] += ", Well depth = " + getEnergyText(1-getFloor(), false); } */ Setup createNext() { return new FiniteWellPairSetup(); } } class FiniteWellPairSetup extends Setup { String getName() { return "Well Pairs"; } void select() { aux1Label.setText("Well Width"); aux2Bar.setValue(80); aux2Label.setText("Well Separation"); aux2Bar.setValue(100); aux3Label.setText("Well Depth 1"); aux3Bar.setValue(100); aux4Label.setText("Well Depth 2"); aux4Bar.setValue(90); } int getAuxBarCount() { return 4; } int getWidth() { return (aux1Bar.getValue()*3/4)*(potSampleCount/2)/110+1; } void drawPotential() { int i; int width = getWidth(); // min sep = 1+width; max sep = potSampleCount/2 double sepFrac = aux2Bar.getValue()/100.; int sep = (int) ((1+width)*(1-sepFrac) + (potSampleCount/2)*sepFrac); double level1 = 1-aux3Bar.getValue()/50.; double level2 = 1-aux4Bar.getValue()/50.; double top = 1; double space = level1 < level2 ? (level1+1) : (level2+1); top -= space; level1 -= space; level2 -= space; for (i = 0; i != potSampleCount; i++) pot[i] = top; for (i = 0; i != width; i++) { pot[i] = level1; pot[i+sep] = level2; } } /*void getInfo(String s[], int o) { s[o] = "Well width = " + getLengthText(getWidth()); s[o] += ", Well depth = " + getEnergyText(1-getFloor(), false); s[o+1] = "Well separation = " + getLengthText(getSep()*2); }*/ Setup createNext() { return new FiniteWellPairCoupledSetup(); } } class FiniteWellPairCoupledSetup extends Setup { String getName() { return "Coupled Well Pairs"; } void select() { aux1Label.setText("Well Separation"); aux1Bar.setValue(1); aux2Label.setText("Wall Potential"); aux2Bar.setValue(50); } int getWidth() { return potSampleCount/4; } double getWallEnergy() { return -1+(aux2Bar.getValue()-1)/50.; } void drawPotential() { int i; int width = getWidth(); // min sep = 1+width; max sep = potSampleCount/2 double sepFrac = aux1Bar.getValue()/100.; int sep = (int) ((1+width)*(1-sepFrac) + (potSampleCount/2)*sepFrac); double floor = -1; double infloor = -1+(aux2Bar.getValue()-1)/49.; if (infloor > 1) infloor = 1; for (i = 0; i != potSampleCount; i++) pot[i] = 1; for (i = 0; i != width; i++) pot[i] = pot[i+sep] = -1; for (i = width; i != sep; i++) pot[i] = infloor; } /*void getInfo(String s[], int o) { s[o] = "Well width = " + getLengthText(getWidth()); s[o] += ", Well depth = " + getEnergyText(2, false); s[o+1] = "Well separation = " + getLengthText(getSep()*2); s[o+1] += ", Wall potential = " + getEnergyText(getWallEnergy(), true); }*/ Setup createNext() { return new HarmonicWellSetup(); } } class HarmonicWellSetup extends Setup { String getName() { return "Harmonic"; } void select() { aux1Label.setText("Well Width"); aux2Label.setText("Well Depth"); } int getAuxBarCount() { return 2; } double getFloor() { return 1-(aux2Bar.getValue())/50.; } double getTop() { return -1+(aux2Bar.getValue())/50.; } void drawPotential() { int i; double top = getTop(); int width = aux1Bar.getValue()*(potSampleCount-1)/100; double a = (top+1)/((width/2)*(width/2.)); for (i = 0; i != width; i++) { double xx = (i-width/2.); pot[i] = -1+xx*xx*a; if (pot[i] > top) pot[i] = top; } for (; i < potSampleCount; i++) pot[i] = top; } Setup createNext() { return new CoulombWellArraySetup(); } } class CoulombWellArraySetup extends Setup { String getName() { return "Coulomb-Like"; } void select() { aux1Label.setText("Well Width"); aux1Bar.setValue(40); } int getAuxBarCount() { return 1; } void drawPotential() { int i; double s = (aux1Bar.getValue())/200.; int width = potSampleCount; s *= width/2; double a = -2*width*s/(2*s-width); double b = 1+2*a/width; double add = 1-(b-2*a/(width/2.)); b += add; for (i = 0; i != potSampleCount; i++) { double xx = (i-width/2.); double xx2 = width-Math.abs(xx); pot[i] = b-a/Math.abs(xx)-a/xx2; if (pot[i] < -1) pot[i] = -1; } } Setup createNext() { return new FreeParticleSetup(); } } class FreeParticleSetup extends Setup { String getName() { return "Free Particle"; } void select() {} int getAuxBarCount() { return 0; } void drawPotential() { int i; for (i = 0; i != potSampleCount; i++) pot[i] = -1; } Setup createNext() { return new SinusoidalLatticeSetup(); } } class SinusoidalLatticeSetup extends Setup { String getName() { return "Sinusoidal"; } void select() { aux1Label.setText("Well Depth"); } int getAuxBarCount() { return 1; } void drawPotential() { double amp = aux1Bar.getValue()/100.; int buf = potSampleCount/10; int i; for (i = 0; i != potSampleCount; i++) { double xx = i*2*pi/potSampleCount; pot[i] = -1+amp*(1-Math.cos(xx)); } } Setup createNext() { return null; } } class View extends Rectangle { int mid_y, lower_y, handle; double ymult, ymult2, scale; int cellw2; void drawLabel(Graphics g, String str) { g.setColor(Color.white); centerString(g, str, y-5); } } }; interface DecentScrollbarListener { abstract void scrollbarValueChanged(DecentScrollbar ds); abstract void scrollbarFinished(DecentScrollbar dc); } // this is a scrollbar that notifies us when the user is _done_ fiddling // with the value. class DecentScrollbar extends Canvas implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener { int value, lo, hi; DecentScrollbarListener listener; DecentScrollbar(DecentScrollbarListener parent, int start, int lo_, int hi_) { value = start; lo = lo_; hi = hi_; listener = parent; addMouseListener(this); addMouseMotionListener(this); gray1 = new Color(104, 104, 104); gray2 = new Color(168, 168, 168); gray3 = new Color(192, 192, 192); gray4 = new Color(224, 224, 224); } Color gray1, gray2, gray3, gray4; public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(20,20); } static final int tw = 8; boolean dragging; int thumbpos, dragoffset; public void paint(Graphics g) { Dimension size = getSize(); int w = size.width; int h = size.height; int x = thumbpos = (value-lo)*(w-2-tw)/(hi-lo)+1; g.setColor(gray2); g.fillRect(0, 0, w, h); g.setColor(gray3); g.fillRect(x, 2, tw, h-4); g.setColor(gray4); g.drawLine(0, h-1, w, h-1); g.drawLine(w-1, 1, w-1, h-1); g.drawLine(x, 1, x+tw-1, 1); g.drawLine(x, 1, x, h-2); g.setColor(gray1); g.drawLine(0, 0, w-1, 0); g.drawLine(0, 0, 0, h-1); g.drawLine(x+tw-1, 2, x+tw-1, h-2); g.drawLine(x+1, h-2, x+tw-1, h-2); } int getValue() { return value; } boolean setValue(int v) { if (v < lo) v = lo; if (v > hi) v = hi; if (value == v) return false; value = v; repaint(); return true; } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if (thumbpos <= e.getX() && thumbpos+tw >= e.getX()) { dragging = true; dragoffset = e.getX()-thumbpos; } } public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { if (dragging) listener.scrollbarFinished(this); dragging = false; } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { if (!dragging) return; int x = e.getX()-dragoffset; Dimension size = getSize(); int v = (x-1)*(hi-lo)/(size.width-2-tw)+lo; if (setValue(v)) listener.scrollbarValueChanged(this); } public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { } };